RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Token Sales and Initial Coin Offerings: Introduction JF The Journal of Alternative Investments FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 7 OP 12 DO 10.3905/jai.2019.21.4.007 VO 21 IS 4 A1 Paul P. Momtaz YR 2019 UL https://pm-research.com/content/21/4/7.abstract AB Token sales or initial coin offerings (ICOs) are smart contracts on a blockchain designed to raise external finance by issuing tokens or coins. This introduction provides an overview of this novel financing method. Differences between tokens and coins, types of tokens, and various ICO mechanisms are discussed. The author also describes the evolution of the ICO market and surveys some advantages of ICOs.TOPICS: Currency, volatility measures